Ashwagandha's roots are used to make extracts or powders that have been shown to improve a variety of conditions. The medicinal properties associated with ashwagandha are believed to be attributed to its active ingredient, withanolides. Traditionally, ashwagandha root has been used to reduce stress and anxiety, and recent research has shown that this could be due to the root’s ability to lower cortisol levels (1).
Beyond its traditional use, ashwagandha root has also been shown to help minimize inflammation by increasing the activity of natural killer and T cells, which help protect the body from viruses and bacteria (2). In one clinical study, five participants experienced increases in natural killer cells and T cells after consuming ashwagandha root twice daily for four days (2). It may also be beneficial to heart health, as some studies have suggested that the consumption of ashwagandha can help to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels (1)(3).
Referenced sources:
Mikolai, J, Erlandsen, A (2009). In vivo effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on the activation of lymphocytes.
Auddy, B, Hazra, J, et al (2008). A Standardized Withania Somnifera Extract Significantly Reduces Stress-Related Parameters in Chronically Stressed Humans: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.
Raut, A, Rege, N, et al (2012). Exploratory study to evaluate tolerability, safety, and activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in healthy volunteers.